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b. 4x²-81=(2x)²-9²=(2x-9)(2x+9)
c. x³-16x=x(x²-16)=x(x-4)(x+4)
d. x⁴-16=(x²) - 4²=(x²+4)(x²-4)=(x²+4)(x²-2²)=(x²+4)(x-2)(x+2)
e.(x²+1)²-4 =(x²+1)²-2²=(x²+1-2)(x²+1+2)=(x²-1)(x²+3)=(x-1)(x+1)(x²+3)
f. (x²+x+3)²-9=(x²+x+3)²-3²=(x²+x+3-3)(x²+x+3+3)=(x²+x)(x²+x+9)=
=x(x+1)(x²+x+9)
x²+x+9 nierozkładalne Δ=1-4·1·9=1-36=-35<0
g. x³+2x²+4x+8=x²(x+2)+4(x+2)=(x+2)(x²+4)
x²+4 >0 nie rozkłada się
h. x³-3x²+2x-6=x²(x-3)+2(x-3)=(x²+2)(x-3)
x²+2 >0 nie rozkłada się
i. x³+x²-4x-4=x²(x+1)-4(x+1)=(x²-4)(x+1)=(x²-2²)(x+1)=(x-2)(x+2)(x+1)
j. x³-2x²-9x+18=x²(x-2)-9(x-2)=(x-2)(x²-9)=(x-2)(x²-3²)=(x-2)(x-3)(x+3)
wzór a²-b²=(a-b)(a+b)