Help me, translate to indonesian language Situational Factors Cultural conceptions are also construed in relation to concrete situational factors (Miller, 2006), which include the developmental characteristics of the people who populate a particular social setting. For example, parents’ expectations for their children’s independence and interdependence change as children develop (Raeff, 2006a; Tamis-LeMonda et al., 2008). In addition, in some contexts, parents may view independence and interdependence as conflicting and thus prioritize one over the other (Tamis-LeMonda et al., 2008). The self-esteem research mentioned earlier suggests that, in some situations, European-Americans prioritize fostering relationships over an individual child’s self-esteem. Different components of independence and interdependence may also be endorsed across contexts. Research in Japan shows that learning the distinction between inner and outer, or private and public, contexts is a key to understanding Japanese socialization values (e.g., Bachnik, 1992 ⁄1995; Doi, 1985 ⁄1988). Public or outer contexts include relationships with ‘‘meaningful ‘outsiders’ with whom one must enryo’’ (show restraint; Kondo, 1990, p. 150) in order to maintain social cohesion. However, people are more likely to express directly individual feelings in private or inner contexts, even if they contradict the feelings or opinions of others (Lebra, 1992⁄1995). Thus, independence in public contexts involves self-control, while independence in private contexts involves individual self-expression. This example also points to varied interrelations between independence and interdependence across contexts. In public contexts, social cohesion is dependent on self-control. In private contexts, close relationships foster self-expression.
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