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pembentukan,
H₂O
※ H₂ + ¹/₂O₂ → H₂O ;ΔHf = -a kJ
Na₂CO₃
※ 2Na + C + ³/₂O₂ → Na₂CO₃ ;ΔHf = -b kJ
NH₄Cl
※ ¹/₂N₂ + 2H₂ + ¹/₂Cl₂ → NH₄Cl ;ΔHf = -c kJ
pembakaran,
C
※ C + O₂ → CO₂ ;ΔHc = -a kJ
CH₄
※ CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O ;ΔHc = -b kJ
CO
※ CO + ¹/₂O₂ → CO₂ ;ΔHc = -c kJ
CH₃OH
※ CH₃OH + ⁵/₂O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O ;ΔHc = -d kJ