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x' = k (x - a) + a
y' = k (y - b) + b
berdasarkan data soal di atas,
x = 5, y = -2, x' = -31, y' = 18, k = -3, masukkan ke dlm rumus di atas,
-31 = -3 (5 - a) + a
-31 = -15 + 3a + a
-16 = 4a
a = -4
18 = -3 (-2 - b) + b
18 = 6 + 3b + b
12 = 4b
b = 3
a - b = -4 - 3 = -7