Question

Cześć potrzebuję aby ktoś mi opisał po angielsku historię dlaczego Krzysztof Kolumb popłynął. MUSI BYĆ NA 2 STRONY A4

Answer 1

May 22, 1492 roku Columbus arrived in the port of Palos, in which, according to royal order, he was to receive two caravels. The city gave him a caravel Niña disposal and Pinta. Vessels were about 20 feet long and 7 meters wide. At the flagship of Columbus leased from the Juan de la Cosa larger ship Santa Maria.


August 3, 1492 Karaka "Santa María" (280 tons), and two caravels - "Pinta" (240 tons) and "Niña" (100 tons), on which there were a total of about 90 people raised their anchors. After a stop in Las Palmas in the Canary Islands on September 5th squadron of ships set off to the west. After more than two months of sailing, during which the claim began to voice impatience, October 12 at two o'clock in the morning one of the sailors, Rodrigo de Triana spotted land. The expedition landed on the island probably Watling (called Guanahani by the Indians), a small island group of the Bahamas. In the natives noticed gold ornaments. Questioned about their origin, pointed the direction to the south. Judging from the fact that lies to the north of the mainland, Columbus chose a new course on the west and 28 October he discovered Cuba, on December 6, Haiti (Hispaniola), which is an island, captivated by its beauty, he chose for his headquarters. As the flagship Santa Maria was broken, and the storm lost contact with the Pinta, Columbus decided to Nini personally deliver the message about the discovery of America on the road to the royal court. 16 December, leaving the fort fortified Navidad on Hispaniola 43 volunteers from the crew, sailed on his return journey. March 15, 1493 roku called at the port of Palos, where a triumphal procession went to the royal court in Barcelona with a report to the Castilian monarchs.

Columbus was a lot of effort put into dissemination of its success. A few days before leaving on a trip to Barcelona has sent in the way people with gold and colored fires, who proclaimed his triumphant return. On the route lined up one thousand onlookers, especially children.

During the meeting with the royal couple, Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile Aragońskim Columbus unfolded before them a vision of wealth that was poured on to Spain, where the share of discovery will continue. This led to the discovery of true fever, which the next episode was the second expedition of Columbus.


Later that same year in a huge hurry organized another expedition, whose commander was Christopher Columbus.

If the spring and summer of 1492, Christopher Columbus had to spend a few months to persuade 90 people on the first expedition, when it is returned, there were so many volunteers that it was necessary to make the selection and number of participants in the second expedition was limited to about 1500 to 2500 people at 15 -17 ships (exact number of men and ships is debatable). Columbus later complained that even the tailors were ready to abandon the profession and set out on a great journey, which could be quickly rich. Finally the group, which alongside adventurers and easy riches found themselves missionaries, seeking to evangelize the inhabitants of the lands discovered, beside common thieves - idealists.

A second expedition set sail on September 25 1493rd This time, Columbus has chosen a more southern route and, therefore, reached land in the area of ​​the Lesser Antilles. Subsequently discovered the island of Dominica, Marie Galante, Guadeloupe, Antigua and Puerto Rico. November 22 Columbus arrived in Haiti again, to see that the people left there, no one survived. How domyślono, all perished in the struggle with the natives - Indios (Indians). In the longer journey Columbus sailed along the southern coast of Cuba, and discovered Jamaica.

Meanwhile, autocratic and ruthless conduct of Columbus to him alienated a large part of the crew. Many discouraged by hardships and lack of legendary wealth separated themselves from the trip and started searching on your own. Others returned to Spain, choking many complaints about Columbus. Columbus postulated influential enemies to take away privileges previously granted to him, and his place appointed royal governor of the newly discovered lands. In this situation, Columbus, March 19 headed back to Spain, where he arrived June 11. At the court managed to clear himself of the charges against him, obtained a confirmation of earlier privileges and the promise of organizing the next, the third expedition.


Although Columbus regained its privileges, was not able to fully restore the confidence that it darzono earlier. To organize the next, the third expedition had to wait until 1498. May 30 went six ships to the west. The three ships sent straight to Haiti, while the other sailed west in hopes of finding the coveted India. During this trip the first time reached the mainland of America. Until he reached the shore south of the mouth of the Orinoco. Sailing westward along the coast, he discovered the island of Trinidad. Then he turned south and sailed to Haiti, where in the meantime, was founded the first permanent Spanish settlement in the West Indies, Santo Domingo.

Relations in the Spanish community in Santo Domingo were not good. Columbus favored autocratic their people, especially his son - Diego. She came to the undoubted frustration at the lack of major economic successes and difficulties expeditions in relations with the natives. Just as during the second expedition, messages about the problems reached the crown. This time we decided to act more decisively. In June 1500 sent to the west of Francis Bobadilla, which were endowed with wide powers of attorney. After reviewing the situation in Haiti, he ordered to arrest Columbus and his son, and chains to send them to Spain. Columbus on the spot again showed clear themselves of charges and return to the graces of the royal couple. The result was a fourth and last expedition of Columbus to America.

May 9, 1502 flotilla of four ships and 150 crew company Columbus went west again. Since Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India recently around the African continent, Columbus urgently needed was a success proving that the road to the west is shorter, more comfortable and safer. Columbus' intention was to find a transition to the water which had eventually lead him to India. He expected to go to the west of Cuba and there has just sent. Soon he reached the coast of Honduras and the Mosquito Coast on the east coast of Nicaragua. There he learned from the natives of the "rich kingdoms" (the Mayan civilization, and perhaps also the state of the Incas) and the "great sea" (Pacific Ocean), which lies further west, but in spite of searching failed to find a water passage to the reservoir. Having lost two of four ships, resigned to return to the north and swam to Jamaica. There he was forced to settle remaining vessels stranded. Materials derived from damaged ships have been used to build fortified settlements. One of the companions of Columbus, Diego Mendez, the Indian boats set off for help survivors. But it was only after months wandering managed to get to Haiti, where he brought help. Meanwhile, Columbus was seriously ill and in such a condition were transported him to Spain, where he arrived in November 1504.