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Nigerian teenager Happiness Edem had just one aim in life: to put on weight. So she spent six months in a "fattening room" where her daily routine was to sleep, eat and grow fat. She went in a trim 60 kg, but came out weighing twice that. In some parts of Africa, being fat is desirable because it symbolizes attractiveness in women and power and prosperity in men. However, in magazines and in the media we are bombarded with images of slim, blonde-haired and sun-tanned women or handsome, blue-eyed and broad-shouldered young men. Where are the short-sighted, middle-aged models? Is one idea of physical beauty really more attractive than another?
Ideas about physical beauty change over time and different periods of history reveal different views of beauty, particulary of women. Egyptian paintings often show slender dark-haired women as the norm, while one of the earliest representations of women in art in Europe is a carving of an overweight female. This is the Venus of Hohle Fels and it is more than 35,0000 years old. In the early 1600s, artists like Peter Paul Rubens also painted plump, pale-skinned women who were thought to be the most stunning examples of female beauty at that time. In Elizabethan England, pale skin was stil fashionable, but in this period it was because it was a sign of wealth: the make-up to achieve this look was expensive, so only rich people could afford it.
Within different cultures around the world, there is a huge variation in what is considered beautiful. Traditional customs, like tattooing, head-shaving, piercing or other kinds of body modification can express status, identity or beliefs. In Borneo, for instance, tattoos are like a diary because they are a written record of all the important events and places a man has experienced in his life. For New Zealand's Maoris they reflect the person's position in society. In western society, where tattoos used to be considered a sign of rebellion, the culture is changing and they are now a very popular form of body art.
For Europeans, the tradition of using metal rings to stretch a girl's neck may be shocking, but the Myanmar people consider women with long, thin necks more elegant. In Indonesia, the custom of sharpening girls' teeth to points might seem strange to other cultures, but it is perfectly acceptable elsewhere to straighten children's teeth wiht braces. Body piercing, dieting, cosmetic surgery or the use of fake tan might be seen as ugly and unattractive by some cultures, but they are commonplace in many others.
It appears that trough the ages and across different cultures, people have always changed their bodies and faces for a wide variety of reasons. Does this mean that underneath the tattoos, rings and piercings, we're all beautiful in our own way?
Nigerian teenager Happiness Edem had just one aim in life: to put on weight. So she spent six months in a "fattening room" where her daily routine was to sleep, eat and grow fat. She went in a trim 60 kg, but came out weighing twice that. In some parts of Africa, being fat is desirable because it symbolizes attractiveness in women and power and prosperity in men. However, in magazines and in the media we are bombarded with images of slim, blonde-haired and sun-tanned women or handsome, blue-eyed and broad-shouldered young men. Where are the short-sighted, middle-aged models? Is one idea of physical beauty really more attractive than another?
Ideas about physical beauty change over time and different periods of history reveal different views of beauty, particulary of women. Egyptian paintings often show slender dark-haired women as the norm, while one of the earliest representations of women in art in Europe is a carving of an overweight female. This is the Venus of Hohle Fels and it is more than 35,0000 years old. In the early 1600s, artists like Peter Paul Rubens also painted plump, pale-skinned women who were thought to be the most stunning examples of female beauty at that time. In Elizabethan England, pale skin was stil fashionable, but in this period it was because it was a sign of wealth: the make-up to achieve this look was expensive, so only rich people could afford it.
Within different cultures around the world, there is a huge variation in what is considered beautiful. Traditional customs, like tattooing, head-shaving, piercing or other kinds of body modification can express status, identity or beliefs. In Borneo, for instance, tattoos are like a diary because they are a written record of all the important events and places a man has experienced in his life. For New Zealand's Maoris they reflect the person's position in society. In western society, where tattoos used to be considered a sign of rebellion, the culture is changing and they are now a very popular form of body art.
For Europeans, the tradition of using metal rings to stretch a girl's neck may be shocking, but the Myanmar people consider women with long, thin necks more elegant. In Indonesia, the custom of sharpening girls' teeth to points might seem strange to other cultures, but it is perfectly acceptable elsewhere to straighten children's teeth wiht braces. Body piercing, dieting, cosmetic surgery or the use of fake tan might be seen as ugly and unattractive by some cultures, but they are commonplace in many others.
It appears that trough the ages and across different cultures, people have always changed their bodies and faces for a wide variety of reasons. Does this mean that underneath the tattoos, rings and piercings, we're all beautiful in our own way?
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