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Water, zwiazek chemical without ktorego not moglibysmy zyc.Wyrazamy I she is a H2O.Przydatna pattern in zyciu everyday almost to everything, unfortunately in wiekszosci zastosowan must byc she we are calling all chemical substances and micro-organisms which are found in natural waters oczyszczona.Zanieczyszczeniami of waters, not being with their natural components. We are also ranking heat-ed waters of pollutant among pollutants of waters thermal. Polluted waters mozemy podzielic around wzgledy on: 1) origin * natural - e.g. salting, polluting with compounds iron; * artificial - e.g. coming from sewage, flows from agricultural lands, of stockpiles of the municipal waste. We can also divide artificial pollutants in the group biological (bacteria, viruses, mushrooms, algae) and chemical (oils, petrol, greases, oil, artificial fertilizers, pesticides, acids, principles). 2) on stopien szkodliwosci * directly harmful - phenols (gasworkses, coking plants) acids hydgorgen cyanide (gasworkses), sulphuric acid and sulphates, acid rain (factories of artificial fertilizers, pulp milles, factories of synthetic fibres), * indirectly harmful - so which are leading to the curtailment of oxygen in the water below the level essential to keep aquatic organisms alive. 2) on stopien szkodliwosci * directly harmful - phenols (gasworkses, coking plants) acids hydgorgen cyanide (gasworkses), sulphuric acid and sulphates, acid rain (factories of artificial fertilizers, pulp milles, factories of synthetic fibres), * indirectly harmful - so which are leading to the curtailment of oxygen in the water below the level essential to keep aquatic organisms alive. 3) according to the criterion of the permanence of pollutants * rozkładalne - containing substances organic, potentially poisoning, but being subject to chemical changeses to straight inorganic compounds at the participation of the bacterium (home sewers) * indecomposable - containing substances not undergoing greater chemical changeses and not attacked by micro-organisms (salts metals heavy) * long-lasting - containing substances undergoing the biological disintegration to a little extent and staying in the environment in the immutable form for the long term (pesticides, phenols, products of the distillation of crude oil) 4) source * spot sources – sewers carried in the organised way with plumbings, coming from an industrial plants and from urban agglomerations mainly, * surface or area pollutants – pollutants rinsed with atmospheric falls from areas of urbanised deficient plumbings and from agricultural and forest areas, • of polluting from linear or belt-shaped sources – pollutants of the communications origin, produced by modes of transport and washed away from the area of routes or peat bogs and coming from pipelines, of gas pipelines, of sewers, sedimentary. Around pewnoscia not jestesmy and never not bedziemy in the state calkowicie zapobiedz for however polluting with wod.Powinnismy podejmowac dzialania majace on the destination reducing the more distant wod.Stan pollution czystosci waters mozemy poprawic through: • implementing new, cleaner technologies, reducing charge of pollutants in sewers, • rational applying fertilizers, of measure of housemaids to keep the purity, of pesticides. Replacing intoxicants and long-lasting less toxic and more easily rozkładalnymi, • reducing the number of produced sewers, • construction of the sewage treatment plant, • desalting of mine waters, • not carrying heated directly waters to bodies of water, • due locating and the exploitation of waste dumps and other objects from which pollutants can get to underground waters or surface, • liquidation "wild" of garbage dumps and other badly protected stockpiles of materials being able to cause contaminating waters, • reducing emission of nitric oxides and oxides of sulphur to air but because of that limiting pollutants of waters caused by acid rains.
1) origin * natural - e.g. salting, polluting with compounds iron; * artificial - e.g. coming from sewage, flows from agricultural lands, of stockpiles of the municipal waste. We can also divide artificial pollutants in the group biological (bacteria, viruses, mushrooms, algae) and chemical (oils, petrol, greases, oil, artificial fertilizers, pesticides, acids, principles). 2) on stopien szkodliwosci * directly harmful - phenols (gasworkses, coking plants) acids hydgorgen cyanide (gasworkses), sulphuric acid and sulphates, acid rain (factories of artificial fertilizers, pulp milles, factories of synthetic fibres), * indirectly harmful - so which are leading to the curtailment of oxygen in the water below the level essential to keep aquatic organisms alive.
2) on stopien szkodliwosci * directly harmful - phenols (gasworkses, coking plants) acids hydgorgen cyanide (gasworkses), sulphuric acid and sulphates, acid rain (factories of artificial fertilizers, pulp milles, factories of synthetic fibres), * indirectly harmful - so which are leading to the curtailment of oxygen in the water below the level essential to keep aquatic organisms alive.
3) according to the criterion of the permanence of pollutants * rozkładalne - containing substances organic, potentially poisoning, but being subject to chemical changeses to straight inorganic compounds at the participation of the bacterium (home sewers) * indecomposable - containing substances not undergoing greater chemical changeses and not attacked by micro-organisms (salts metals heavy) * long-lasting - containing substances undergoing the biological disintegration to a little extent and staying in the environment in the immutable form for the long term (pesticides, phenols, products of the distillation of crude oil)
4) source * spot sources – sewers carried in the organised way with plumbings, coming from an industrial plants and from urban agglomerations mainly, * surface or area pollutants – pollutants rinsed with atmospheric falls from areas of urbanised deficient plumbings and from agricultural and forest areas,
• of polluting from linear or belt-shaped sources – pollutants of the communications origin, produced by modes of transport and washed away from the area of routes or peat bogs and coming from pipelines, of gas pipelines, of sewers, sedimentary. Around pewnoscia not jestesmy and never not bedziemy in the state calkowicie zapobiedz for however polluting with wod.Powinnismy podejmowac dzialania majace on the destination reducing the more distant wod.Stan pollution czystosci waters mozemy poprawic through: • implementing new, cleaner technologies, reducing charge of pollutants in sewers,
• rational applying fertilizers, of measure of housemaids to keep the purity, of pesticides. Replacing intoxicants and long-lasting less toxic and more easily rozkładalnymi, • reducing the number of produced sewers, • construction of the sewage treatment plant, • desalting of mine waters, • not carrying heated directly waters to bodies of water, • due locating and the exploitation of waste dumps and other objects from which pollutants can get to underground waters or surface, • liquidation "wild" of garbage dumps and other badly protected stockpiles of materials being able to cause contaminating waters, • reducing emission of nitric oxides and oxides of sulphur to air but because of that limiting pollutants of waters caused by acid rains.