Inhabited for thousands of years by Native Americans (including tribes and Arauka Czibcza) areas of Colombia today, discovered by Europeans Spanish sailor Alonso de Hojeda in 1499. In the next century, the area was conquered by the Spaniards (the beginning of the conquest - 1525) and became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, and since 1717 in the viceroyalty of New Granada (along with Ecuador and Venezuela). In 1810, an uprising against Spanish colonial rule. The insurgents have managed up to 20 July (National Day), remove viceroy, but in the end the army of the kingdom failed to take power again. However, in 1819 the country was conquered by the Spaniards fighting with the army of Simón Bolívar. Together with Venezuela, Colombia created a federation of Gran Colombia, which with time credited to Panama (1821) and Ecuador (1822). Federal state survived until 1830. After the collapse of Gran Colombia was established in an area roughly corresponding to present-day Colombia, the State New Grenada. For much of the nineteenth century, the domestic situation was not stable. The years 1831-1840 were dominated by the border conflict with Ecuador. Constitution of 1858 created Granadina confederation, which in 1861 was converted into the United States of New Granada, and two years later in the United States of Colombia. In 1885, as a result of antyfederalistycznej Revolution transformed the country into a republic of Colombia. Ongoing disputes decades between liberals (promoted federalism and separation of church and state) and conservatives (opted for centralization and strong position of the Church) eventually led to the so-called. 1000 days war (1899-1902), which ended in victory for conservatives, but for the price of about 100 000 people were killed Colombia. In 1903, Columbia broke away from Panama. This caused a serious diplomatic conflict with the U.S., which were behind the secession. The conflict ended in 1914 and in later years, U.S. influence in Colombia grew. During World War Colombia remained neutral. In 1930, the first time in 1,000 days of the war the Liberals took power. The biggest problem of their time in the country was an internal conflict between peasants and landowners, among others, during which there have armed troops fighting on both sides. In 1934, border clashes with Peru for the city of Leticia, which the League of Nations granted after Colombia. In 1943, Colombia declared war on the Axis, and a year after the end of World War II, the power, thanks to divisions among liberals, conservatives regained. In 1948, the camp was murdered liberal leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. This caused a smoldering all the time in the country's civil war (Violencia), which in 10 years killed hundreds of thousands of people. In 1953 the government took over in a coup, General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Trying to end the war strengthened the army constantly. At the same time the country was engrossed in corruption. His rule led to an alliance between conservatives and liberals (National Front), they supported the military junta that overthrew General in 1957. Arch-enemies seized power, jointly exercised until 1974. Alliance of conservatives and liberals, however, could not cope with the deteriorating economic situation (such as high inflation). At the end of the 60s the Colombian scene there were two left-wing guerrilla organization FARC and ELN, and in 1970, they were joined by April 19 Movement (M-19). The guerrillas enjoyed the support mainly among the poor population. Often, after the guerrillas became a priest. In 1974, the liberal-conservative alliance broke up. Liberals remained in power, but in 1982 they lost the election. Four years later, he regained power. Taken in the 80s attempts to end the war came to nothing (ie being caught trying partisans in political life). In addition, next to the guerrillas appeared very strong and powerful drug gangs (such as cartels of Medellin and Cali). In 1987, six strongest guerrilla groups formed a joint management in order to coordinate their actions. The war became increasingly bloody and it happened that during the year several thousand people died. In March 1990, 19 April traffic stop fighting and became a legal party. However, the strongest FARC guerillas and the ELN is not followed in his footsteps. In July 1991, entered into force the new constitution. In 1993, Colombian authorities supported by the United States managed to break the cartel of Medellin. The next year, the country's president Ernesto Samper Pizano was. Although fighting drug traffickers, he was accused of taking money from the Cali cartel (purified him of the charge in 1996). His administration was ineffective and corrupt, but still managed to significantly weaken the cartel in Cali arresting its leaders. In the 90s the war joined the right-wing paramilitaries - AUC, which took in the fight against leftist guerrillas. Defeat the cartels have used in the mid-90s partisans of all colors, becoming the main producer of drugs in the region. Introduced in the late 90s by the ruling since 1998, President Andrés Pastrana Arango ceasefire was a flop, and the allocation of the FARC as a gesture of good will of their own zone only strengthened the organization. Negotiations between 2000 and 2001 did not bring any positive results. In 2002, Colombian authorities have intensified the fight against coca cultivation, using the strong support (weapons, money, training providers) USA. From 2002 to 2010 the country was a neo-conservative president Álvaro Uribe, in 2006, elected to a second term (the first such case in Colombia than 100 years). In 2010, as head of state was replaced by Juan Manuel Santos. The ongoing civil war in 1964 killed at least 32,000 people. For many years, Colombia is at the forefront of countries with the highest number of murders and kidnappings. The country still remains the main producer of cocaine in the world.
History
Inhabited for thousands of years by Native Americans (including tribes and Arauka Czibcza) areas of Colombia today, discovered by Europeans Spanish sailor Alonso de Hojeda in 1499. In the next century, the area was conquered by the Spaniards (the beginning of the conquest - 1525) and became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, and since 1717 in the viceroyalty of New Granada (along with Ecuador and Venezuela).
In 1810, an uprising against Spanish colonial rule. The insurgents have managed up to 20 July (National Day), remove viceroy, but in the end the army of the kingdom failed to take power again. However, in 1819 the country was conquered by the Spaniards fighting with the army of Simón Bolívar. Together with Venezuela, Colombia created a federation of Gran Colombia, which with time credited to Panama (1821) and Ecuador (1822). Federal state survived until 1830. After the collapse of Gran Colombia was established in an area roughly corresponding to present-day Colombia, the State New Grenada. For much of the nineteenth century, the domestic situation was not stable. The years 1831-1840 were dominated by the border conflict with Ecuador. Constitution of 1858 created Granadina confederation, which in 1861 was converted into the United States of New Granada, and two years later in the United States of Colombia. In 1885, as a result of antyfederalistycznej Revolution transformed the country into a republic of Colombia. Ongoing disputes decades between liberals (promoted federalism and separation of church and state) and conservatives (opted for centralization and strong position of the Church) eventually led to the so-called. 1000 days war (1899-1902), which ended in victory for conservatives, but for the price of about 100 000 people were killed Colombia.
In 1903, Columbia broke away from Panama. This caused a serious diplomatic conflict with the U.S., which were behind the secession. The conflict ended in 1914 and in later years, U.S. influence in Colombia grew. During World War Colombia remained neutral. In 1930, the first time in 1,000 days of the war the Liberals took power. The biggest problem of their time in the country was an internal conflict between peasants and landowners, among others, during which there have armed troops fighting on both sides. In 1934, border clashes with Peru for the city of Leticia, which the League of Nations granted after Colombia. In 1943, Colombia declared war on the Axis, and a year after the end of World War II, the power, thanks to divisions among liberals, conservatives regained.
In 1948, the camp was murdered liberal leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. This caused a smoldering all the time in the country's civil war (Violencia), which in 10 years killed hundreds of thousands of people. In 1953 the government took over in a coup, General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Trying to end the war strengthened the army constantly. At the same time the country was engrossed in corruption. His rule led to an alliance between conservatives and liberals (National Front), they supported the military junta that overthrew General in 1957. Arch-enemies seized power, jointly exercised until 1974. Alliance of conservatives and liberals, however, could not cope with the deteriorating economic situation (such as high inflation).
At the end of the 60s the Colombian scene there were two left-wing guerrilla organization FARC and ELN, and in 1970, they were joined by April 19 Movement (M-19). The guerrillas enjoyed the support mainly among the poor population. Often, after the guerrillas became a priest. In 1974, the liberal-conservative alliance broke up. Liberals remained in power, but in 1982 they lost the election. Four years later, he regained power. Taken in the 80s attempts to end the war came to nothing (ie being caught trying partisans in political life). In addition, next to the guerrillas appeared very strong and powerful drug gangs (such as cartels of Medellin and Cali). In 1987, six strongest guerrilla groups formed a joint management in order to coordinate their actions. The war became increasingly bloody and it happened that during the year several thousand people died. In March 1990, 19 April traffic stop fighting and became a legal party. However, the strongest FARC guerillas and the ELN is not followed in his footsteps. In July 1991, entered into force the new constitution. In 1993, Colombian authorities supported by the United States managed to break the cartel of Medellin. The next year, the country's president Ernesto Samper Pizano was. Although fighting drug traffickers, he was accused of taking money from the Cali cartel (purified him of the charge in 1996). His administration was ineffective and corrupt, but still managed to significantly weaken the cartel in Cali arresting its leaders.
In the 90s the war joined the right-wing paramilitaries - AUC, which took in the fight against leftist guerrillas. Defeat the cartels have used in the mid-90s partisans of all colors, becoming the main producer of drugs in the region. Introduced in the late 90s by the ruling since 1998, President Andrés Pastrana Arango ceasefire was a flop, and the allocation of the FARC as a gesture of good will of their own zone only strengthened the organization. Negotiations between 2000 and 2001 did not bring any positive results. In 2002, Colombian authorities have intensified the fight against coca cultivation, using the strong support (weapons, money, training providers) USA. From 2002 to 2010 the country was a neo-conservative president Álvaro Uribe, in 2006, elected to a second term (the first such case in Colombia than 100 years). In 2010, as head of state was replaced by Juan Manuel Santos.
The ongoing civil war in 1964 killed at least 32,000 people. For many years, Colombia is at the forefront of countries with the highest number of murders and kidnappings. The country still remains the main producer of cocaine in the world.