The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s and spread to other parts of the world during the 1800s. It transformed the largely agrarian, handicraft economies into industrial economies dependent on machine production. Here are some of the key causes and effects:
Causes:
•Technological innovations - Important inventions like the steam engine, mechanical loom, and development of iron- and coal-based technology drove industrialization.
•Commercial agriculture - The transition to large-scale commercial farming led to a surplus of rural labor that migrated to cities to work in factories.
•Growth of international trade - The expansion of trade networks allowed the import of raw materials and export of manufactured goods, fueling growth.
Effects:
•Economic growth - Industrialization enabled a rapid increase in production, productivity, and per capita income in economies that adopted mechanized manufacturing.
•Urbanization - The growth of industry in cities attracted rural workers, leading to the rise of large urban populations and new urban problems.
•Social changes - Industrialization changed social structures and relationships, reducing the power of aristocracy and strengthening the middle class.
•Environmental impact - Industrial production raised levels of air and water pollution and contributed to degradation of natural resources.
•Imperialism - The need for raw materials and markets to sell manufactured goods spurred European imperialism and colonialism in Asia and Africa.
So in summary, technological progress, surplus rural labor, and expanding trade networks led to the Industrial Revolution. It transformed economies, spawned urban growth, altered social structures, caused environmental problems, and contributed to European colonization of the world.
The causes of the Industrial Revolution include technological advancements, the availability of natural resources, and changes in agricultural practices. Its effects were far-reaching and included urbanization, economic growth, the rise of the working class, and the transformation of production methods.
Jawaban:
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s and spread to other parts of the world during the 1800s. It transformed the largely agrarian, handicraft economies into industrial economies dependent on machine production. Here are some of the key causes and effects:
Causes:
•Technological innovations - Important inventions like the steam engine, mechanical loom, and development of iron- and coal-based technology drove industrialization.
•Commercial agriculture - The transition to large-scale commercial farming led to a surplus of rural labor that migrated to cities to work in factories.
•Growth of international trade - The expansion of trade networks allowed the import of raw materials and export of manufactured goods, fueling growth.
Effects:
•Economic growth - Industrialization enabled a rapid increase in production, productivity, and per capita income in economies that adopted mechanized manufacturing.
•Urbanization - The growth of industry in cities attracted rural workers, leading to the rise of large urban populations and new urban problems.
•Social changes - Industrialization changed social structures and relationships, reducing the power of aristocracy and strengthening the middle class.
•Environmental impact - Industrial production raised levels of air and water pollution and contributed to degradation of natural resources.
•Imperialism - The need for raw materials and markets to sell manufactured goods spurred European imperialism and colonialism in Asia and Africa.
So in summary, technological progress, surplus rural labor, and expanding trade networks led to the Industrial Revolution. It transformed economies, spawned urban growth, altered social structures, caused environmental problems, and contributed to European colonization of the world.
Verified answer
The causes of the Industrial Revolution include technological advancements, the availability of natural resources, and changes in agricultural practices. Its effects were far-reaching and included urbanization, economic growth, the rise of the working class, and the transformation of production methods.