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r = (a-1)/(a+1) = (a-2)/(a-1)
(a-1)(a-1) = (a+1)(a-2)
a²-2a+1 = a²-a-2
a²-a²-2a+a = -2-1
-a = -3
a = 3
r = (a-1)/(a+1)
= (3-1)/(3+1)
= 2/4
= 1/2