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a) r = 2/4 = 1/2
b) U₁₂ = a.rⁿ⁻¹
= (4)(1/2)¹²⁻¹
= (4)(1/2)¹¹
= (4)(1/2.048)
= 1/512
c) S₁₂ = a(1 - rⁿ)/(1 - r)
= (4)(1 - (1/2)¹²)/(1 - (1/2))
= (4)(1 - 1/4.096)/(1/2)
= 8{(4.096 - 1)/4.096}
= 8(4.095/4096)
= 4.095/512