As World War II was about to end in 1945, nations were in ruins, and the world wanted peace.Representatives of 50 countries gathered at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, California between April 25 and June 26, 1945. For the next two months, they proceeded to draft and then sign the UN Charter, which created a new international organization, the United Nations, which, it was hoped, would prevent another world war like the one they had just lived through.Four months after the San Francisco Conference ended, the United Nations officially began, on October 24, 1945, when it came into existence after its Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and by a majority of other signatories.Now, more than 75 years later, the United Nations is still working to maintain international peace and security, give humanitarian assistance to those in need, protect human rights, and uphold international law.With many achievements now in its past, theUnited Nations is looking to the future, to new achievement1. At the beginning, there were ........... contributing to the establishment of the United Nations.2. The United Nations was established to ..........3. After the UN Charter had been finally ratified by most countries, the UN officially operated on............4. The first UN Conference was held in.............5. The main duties of the UN are..............​
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The Port of Tanjung Priok is the largest in Indonesia. The construction on the Port of Tanjung Priok began in 1877, and several supporting facilities (like the Tanjung Priok Station) were completed over the following decades. By that time, Sunda Kalapa (nowadays Jakarta) was being used by traditional two-masted sailing vessels carrying inter-island freight, as it is still used today.In the early 1960s, the National Port Company managed Java's public ports. Later in that decade, the National Port Company was responsible for the Port of Tanjung Priok's commercial functions, while the Port Authority was responsible for operational activities in the Port of Tanjung Priok.From 1970 until 1983, Tanjung Priok was under the direct command of Java's Port Management Board, which was created to manage the Port of Tanjung Priok and other public ports. In 1983, the Port Management Board became Java's Public Port Corporation responsible for managing the country's commercial ports. The Public Port Corporation governed four different areas.In 1991, the Public Port Corporation was legally changed to the Indonesia Port Corporation (or the PT Pelabuhan Indonesia [Pelindo]). The corporation controlled port operations in ten provinces containing 12 commercial ports, including the Port of Tanjung Priok in the Jakarta Capital District Province.14. The text mostly tells us about the harbor'sA. layoutB. functionC.history D. descriptionE. construction15. Who was responsible for the port's operational activities in the 1960s?A The Port AuthorityB. The District ProvinceC. Public Port Corporation D. The National Port CompanyE. Java's Port Management Board16.From the text we know tha...t A. PT Pelindo authorized in port activities onlyB. PT Pelabuhan Indonesia was established in 1970C. Tanjung Priok completed its constructions in 1877 D. we still can see traditional two-mastedsailing vessels at the port E. the National Port Company was previouslynamed Java's Public Port Corporationdatur17. "The Public Port Corporation governed four different areas." (Paragraph three)What is the synonym of the underlined word?A. RuledB. SeizedD. ObservedC. ReleasedE. Supervised​
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Bogor Botanical Gardens was part of the Samida (man-made forest) that was established at least around the year when Sri Baduga Maharaja (Prabu Siliwangi, 1474-1513) ruled the Sundanese Kingdom, as written in the Batutulis inscription. This forest was created to protect seeds of rare trees. The forest, however, remained neglected after the Sundanese Kingdom was destroyed in the 16th century. In 1744, the Dutch East Indies Company established a garden and mansion at the site of the present Botanical Gardens in Buitenzorg (now known as Bogor). After the successfullBritish invasion of Java in 1811, Stamford Raffles became the island's Lieutenant-Governor and took Buitenzorg Palace as his residence. During his rule, he lived in the palace and had the garden re-landscaped into an English Style garden. His wife, Olivia Mariamne Raffles, died in Buitenzorg in 1814 and buried in Batavia. A memorial monument was built in the garden, as a commemoration of her. When the Netherlands Indies were returned to the Dutch rule in 1815, an extensive work of the garden was initiated by Java's Dutch Governor-General Gustaaf Willem and Baron van Imhoff who was the governor of Java at the time. A professor from the Atheneum Illustre in Amsterdam (the forerunner of the University, which came into aper existence much later, in 1876) was sent to Java. His name was C.G.L. Reinwardt, and his task was to promote research in natural science in the tropics and to report on the practical implications of such studies. He arrived in October 1815, and within two years was able to recommend the establishment of a botanic garden at Buitenzorg, to be named Lands Plantentuin. The Garden itself was officially open in 1817 by the order of the government of Dutch East Indies. The Garden were used to research and develop plants and seeds from other parts of the Indonesian archipelago for cultivation during the 19th century. Since then the Garden thrived under the leadership of many renowned botanists and boost its reputation as a major center for botanical research until today.1. How could it be said that Bogor Botanical Gardens was established under the rule of Prabu Siliwangi?A. The archaeologists said so. B. It was mentioned in a journal of research.C. It was written in the Batutulis inscription. D. There was a memorial monument in it.E. There was information about it from witnesses.2. The last paragraph talks about....A.many research taking place in the botanic gardenB the roles of the botanic garden from its opening until the present days C. the opening of the botanic garden orderedby the government of Dutch East IndiesD. the botanic garden thriving under the leadership of many renowned botanists E. the botanic garden's role for researching and developing plants and seeds from Indonesia3. The underlined word in "Since then the Garden thrived under the leadership of many renowned botanists...." (last paragraph) is similar in meaning toA. familiarC. responsibleC.prominent D. creativeE. innovative ​
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This text is for questions 7 to 9. Have you ever read news and wondered, when the first Indonesia's newspaper was published? What did it cover? Did it present similar news that we all know today? Indonesia's first newspaper was known as Sin Po. It was a Chinese-Malay (Peranakan) publication that was first published as a weekly newspaper by young Peranakan Chinese in Jakarta on October 1, 1910. Sin Po became a daily newspaper in 1912 to meet increasing demand and shortly became one of the largest Malay newspapers in the Dutch East Indies. The political objective of Sin Po was to promote Chinese nationalism and to take a strong stance against Dutch colonialism. When it was still published, Sin Po played a crucial role in the development of language and culture. It provided a space for writers to contribute their articles or stories,which exemplified the current debates of society at that time. Sin Po also contributed considerably to form what is today referred to as Bahasa Indonesia. Many Chinese (mostly Hokkien, a dialect in Chinese) words have become an integral part of the Indonesian language. Sin Po also included advertisements typically on natural/ alternative medicines, beverages, cosmetics, clothing, etc.7.What is the purpose of the text? A. To describe Sin Po newspaperB. To entertain readers with an interesting storyC. To relate the history of Sin Po newspaperD. To explain how to publish a newspaperE. To persuade readers to check Sin Po newspaper8.What did the newspaper try to fight against?A. CorruptionB. OppressionC. SegregationD. CapitalismE. Misinformation9. What can we conclude from the text?A. The newspaper became huge on the first day it was published. B. Initially, the newspaper was intended to bepublished daily. C. The Dutch government helped thenewspaper grow bigger. D. Sin Po was pioneered by the Dutch to advertise their products.E. Sin Po newspaper gained massive popularity in 1912.​
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