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Esto se cumple porque:
P(a) = 0, entonces (x-a) es un factor de P(x).
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. . . . . . . x² - (a+1)x + a
1.- Lim ---------------------
. . x->a. . . . x³ - a³
Factorizamos: x² - (a+1)x + a = (x-a)(x-1).
Factorizamos: x³ - a³ = (x-a)(x² + ax + a²)
. . . . . . . . . . (x-a) (x-1)
=> Lim -------------------------------
. . x->a. . (x - a)(x² + ax + a²)
Simplificando:
. . . . . . . . . . (x - 1)
=> Lim -------------------- = (a-1)/(3a²)
. . x->a. . (x² + ax + a²)
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: : Rpta: (a-1)/(3a²)
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. . . . . . . . x³ - 3x + 2
2.- Lim ---------------------
. . x->1. . x^4 - 4x + 3
Factorizamos: x³ - 3x + 2 = (x-1)(x² + x - 2) = (x-1)²(x+2)
Factorizamos: x^4 - 4x + 3 = (x-1)(x³+x²+x-1) = (x-1)²(x²+2x+3)
. . . . . . . . . (x-1)²(x+2)
=> Lim -------------------------
. . x->1. . (x-1)²(x²+2x+3)
Simplificamos:
. . . . . . . . . (x + 2)
=> Lim ------------------- = 3/6 = 1/2.
. . x->1. . . (x²+2x+3)
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: : Rpta: 1/2.
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espero que te silva de algo