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R = √ (a² + b² + 2 a b cos α)
resultan bernilai maksimum, jika
2ab cos α bernilai maksimum
⇔ cos α bernilai maksimum
⇔ cos α = 1 → α = 0°
sehingga
R = √ (a² + b² + 2 a b cos 0°)
R = √ (a² + b² + 2 a b)
R = √ (a + b)²
R = a + b
resultan bernilai minimum, jika
2ab cos α bernilai minimum
⇔ cos α bernilai minimum
⇔ cos α = -1 → α = 180°
sehingga
R = √ (a² + b² + 2 a b cos 180°)
R = √ (a² + b² - 2 a b)
R = √ (a - b)²
R = a - b
jadi nilai R berkisar
|a - b| ≤ R ≤ |a + b| ← terbukti