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United States, abbreviated with the US, or commonly known as America alone, is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is located in the central part of North America, which became the location of the forty-eight contiguous states, as well as the Capital District Washington DC. , United States is flanked by the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic in the west and east, bordered by Canada to the north, and Mexico to the south. Two other states, namely Alaska and Hawaii, is separated from the mainland United States. The state of Alaska is located on the northwest tip of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and Russia to the west, separated by the Bering Strait. While the state of Hawaii is an archipelago located in the Pacific Ocean. The United States also has several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean. With an area of 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and a population of 315 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country in the world, and the third largest by population. The United States is one of the most multi-ethnic country and the most multicultural in the world, which arise as a result of massive immigration from around the world. The climate and geography of the United States is also very diverse and the country is home to diverse species.